The European Union as a maritime security provider in the Indo-Pacific: from traditional to non-traditional threats

Abstract

Although the EU is not a major player in traditional security challenges that threaten national defense in the Indo-Pacific, it is a valuable strategic partner in addressing unconventional maritime security threats. The “Enhanced EU Maritime Security Strategy for Evolving Maritime Threats”, adopted in March 2023, specifies that the EU’s external maritime action should concentrate on addressing the increasing unconventional threats in the seas. These threats mainly affect the coastal countries in the Indo-Pacific and worsen the already existing social, economic, and geopolitical tensions in the region. This article examines the extent to which the EU can be considered a significant trading actor in the Indo-Pacific and a key partner in assisting countries in designing national strategies to address the growing nexus between unconventional threats and maritime security. The article concludes that the EU should focus on utilizing its diplomatic role as a mediator and strengthening its bilateral associations with partner countries and regional organizations in the Indo-Pacific seas. Considering the EU’s leadership in sustainable ocean governance, it is recommended that the EU strengthens coordination, cooperation, and naval presence in the Indo-Pacific to effectively address unconventional maritime threats and promote stability and security in a region of significant future importance.